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    1P-LSD molecular structure

    1P-LSD Stats & Data

    Psychedelic Research-chemical
    1p 1plsd
    PubChem CID 119025985
    NPS DataHub
    MW379.5
    FormulaC23H29N3O2
    CAS2137047-24-4
    IUPACN,N-diethyl-6-methyl-11-propanoyl-6,11-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁶]hexadeca-1(16),2,9,12,14-pentaene-4-carboxamide
    SMILESCCN(CC)C(=O)C1CN(C)C2Cc3cn(C(=O)CC)c4cccc(C2=C1)c34
    InChIKeyJSMQOVGXBIDBIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    Tryptamines; 2020/5.2 Δ9 10-Ergolene; 2021/5.2 Δ9 10-Ergolene; 2022/5.2 Δ9 10-Ergolene
    Chemical Class Lysergamide
    Psychoactive Class Psychedelic
    Half-Life Unknown for 1P‑LSD; LSD’s elimination half‑life is commonly reported around 3–5 hours, with prolonged receptor residence possibly contributing to long effects.

    Receptor Profile

    Receptor Actions

    Agonists
    5-HT2A receptor agonist (partial)
    Other
    prodrug of LSD (rapidly hydrolyzed to LSD in vivo)

    History & Culture

    1P-LSD emerged on the online research chemical market in late 2014 and early 2015, representing the first widely available 1-acylated lysergamide derivative. The compound was first synthesized by Lizard Labs, a Netherlands-based research chemical laboratory that had already established a reputation for producing high-quality novel psychedelics. It quickly became the laboratory's most well-known creation and was subsequently distributed through numerous other vendors worldwide. Prior to its commercial appearance, 1P-LSD had no documented history of human use and does not appear in any academic literature predating its emergence on the grey market. While its synthesis likely occurred in an academic context, the identity of its original discoverer remains unknown. The substance was marketed as a legal alternative to LSD, LSZ, and AL-LAD, typically sold in blotter form and labeled as a research chemical not intended for human consumption. Notably, the strategy of using 1-alkylated lysergamide derivatives to circumvent controlled substance laws was anticipated decades before 1P-LSD's arrival. A 1988 DEA report had foreseen that such structural modifications could be employed to bypass legislation that specifically banned LSD, making 1P-LSD's emergence something of a predicted inevitability within the research chemical community. Upon its release, users quickly recognized that its effects were virtually indistinguishable from those of LSD itself, contributing to its rapid adoption and widespread popularity.

    Subjective Effects

    Physical
    • Spontaneous tactile sensations: The body high of 1P-LSD can be described as proportionally very intense in comparison to its accompanying visual and cognitive effects. It behaves as a euphoric, fast moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. For some, it is manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the trip, but for most it maintains a steady presence that rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. At moderate to high doses of 1P-LSD, this sensation will usually hit its highest level and become so overwhelming that people may find themselves writhing on the floor in complete pleasure.
    • Stimulation: In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the tripper, 1P-LSD is usually considered to be very energetic and stimulating without being forced. For example, when taken in any environment it will usually encourage physical activities such as running, walking, climbing or dancing. In comparison, other more commonly used psychedelics such as psilocin are generally sedating and relaxed.
    • Nausea: Mild nausea is occasionally reported when consumed in moderate to high dosages and either passes instantly once the tripper has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
    • Tactile enhancement
    • Bodily control enhancement
    • Increased salivation
    • Increased heart rate
    • Pupil dilation
    Cognitive

    In comparison to other psychedelics such as psilocin, LSA and ayahuasca, 1P-LSD is significantly more stimulating and fast paced in terms of the specific style of thought stream produced and contains a large number of potential effects.

    • Current mind state enhancement
    • Thought acceleration
    • Novelty enhancement
    • Time distortion
    • Analysis enhancement
    • Personal bias suppression
    • Conceptual thinking
    • Memory suppression
    • Thought loops
    • Feelings of interdependent opposites
    • Delusions
    • Unity and interconnectedness
    • Feelings of self-design
    • Spirituality enhancement
    • Delineation of thought
    Sensory
    Auditory
    • Enhancements
    • Distortions
    • Hallucinations
    Visual · Distortions
    • Visual drifting: (Melting, Breathing, Morphing and Flowing) - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed and cartoon-like in its appearance. The distortions are slow and smooth in motion and fleeting in their appearance.
    • Tracers
    • Depth perception distortions
    • Symmetrical texture repetition
    • Colour shifting
    • Perspective distortions
    Visual · Enhancements
    • Visual acuity enhancement
    • Colour enhancement
    • Pattern recognition enhancement
    Visual · Hallucinatory States

    1P-LSD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics.

    • Transformations
    • Internal hallucinations: Although 1P-LSD is technically capable of producing hallucinatory states in a fashion that is on par with psilocin or DMT in its vividness and intensity, these effects are rarer and more inconsistent in comparison. While traditional psychedelics such as LSA, ayahuasca and mescaline will induce internal hallucinations near consistently at level 5 geometry and above, 1P-LSD will for most simply go straight into Level 8A visual geometry. This lack of consistently induced hallucinatory breakthroughs means that for most, 1P-LSD is not quite as deep of an experience as certain other psychedelics.

    Forked from Subjective Effect Documentation by Josie Kins, March 2015. Via dose.wiki (CC0).

    Toxicity

    PsychonautWiki

    The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 1P-LSD use have not been studied. This is because 1P-LSD is a research chemical with almost no history of human use. Anecdotal reports suggest that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying 1P-LSD by itself, at low to moderate doses, and using it very sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be conducted to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. Based on its similarity to LSD, 1P-LSD is assumed to be physiologically well-tolerated with a extremely low toxicity relative to dose.

    Overdose

    1P-LSD has no known toxic dose. However, higher doses increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions. These reactions include anxiety, delusions, panic attacks and, more rarely, seizures.

    Addiction & dependence

    Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is assumed that like LSD itself, 1P-LSD is non-addictive with a low abuse potential. There are no literature reports of successful attempts to train animals to self-administer LSD — an animal model predictive of abuse liability — indicating that it does not have the necessary pharmacology to either initiate or maintain dependence. Likewise, there is virtually no withdrawal syndrome when chronic use of LSD is stopped.

    Effect Profile

    Curated + 143 Reports
    Psychedelic 8.8

    Strong visuals, headspace, auditory effects, and body load

    Visual Intensity×3
    10102.9
    Headspace Depth×3
    10102.4
    Auditory Effects×1
    10101.1
    Body Load / Somatic Effects×1
    109.02.4
    Catalog Erowid BlueLight
    Based on reports from:
    Effect Index Microcosms — nervewing Bluelight Big & Dandy Thread Erowid Experience Reports PsychonautWiki 1P-LSD The Drug Users Bible 1P-LSD

    Community Effects

    TripSit
    Positive
    euphoria visual enhancement introspection creativity music enhancement
    Negative
    anxiety nausea insomnia

    Tolerance & Pharmacokinetics

    drugs.wiki
    Half-Life
    Unknown for 1P‑LSD; LSD’s elimination half‑life is commonly reported around 3–5 hours, with prolonged receptor residence possibly contributing to long effects.
    Addiction Potential
    Low; not considered physically addictive. Psychological habituation possible with frequent or context‑driven use.

    Tolerance Decay

    Full tolerance 1d Half tolerance 7d Baseline ~14d

    Rapid within‑session tachyphylaxis; re‑dosing the same day yields little additional effect. Substantial decay by ~7 days; near‑baseline at ~14 days for most, though individual variability exists.

    Cross-Tolerances

    LSD
    90% ●●○
    other lysergamides
    80% ●●○
    psilocybin/psilocin
    60% ●○○

    Experience Report Analysis

    Erowid BlueLight
    112 Reports
    2014–2025 Date Range
    107 With Age Data
    34 Effects Detected

    Demographics

    Gender Distribution

    Age Distribution

    Reports Over Time

    Effect Analysis

    Erowid + Bluelight

    Effects aggregated from 143 experience reports (112 Erowid + 31 Bluelight)

    143 Reports
    145 Effects Detected
    70 Positive
    54 Adverse
    21 Neutral

    Effect Sentiment Distribution

    Confidence Distribution

    Positive Effects 70

    Color Enhancement 65.7% 88%
    Music Enhancement 54.5% 88%
    Stimulation 42.7% 80%
    Empathy 38.5% 85%
    Euphoria 36.4% 89%
    Introspection 35.7% 83%
    Focus Enhancement 33.6% 80%
    Tactile Enhancement 30.8% 85%
    Joy 22.6% 84%
    Geometric Imagery 22.6% 87%
    Body High 20.3% 81%
    Visual Trails 19.4% 89%
    Awe 19.4% 80%
    Surface Breathing 16.1% 85%
    Patterning 16.1% 88%
    Insight 16.1% 76%
    Morphing 16.1% 83%
    Contentment 16.1% 79%
    Mystical Quality 16.1% 83%
    Creativity Enhancement 13.4% 70%

    Adverse Effects 54

    Anxiety 51.0% 84%
    Confusion 38.4% 86%
    Thought Disorganization 29.0% 74%
    Fear 25.8% 88%
    Panic 19.4% 85%
    Muscle Tension 18.9% 75%
    Nausea 18.9% 82%
    Body Load 16.1% 82%
    Memory Suppression 15.4% 76%
    Depersonalization 12.9% 84%
    Entity Imagery 12.9% 82%
    Insomnia 12.9% 88%
    Thought Loops 12.6% 83%
    Pupil Dilation 11.9% 85%
    Headache 9.8% 80%
    Restlessness 9.7% 78%
    Motor Impairment 9.1% 85%
    Jaw Clenching 8.4% 90%
    Sweating 8.4% 80%
    Psychosis 8.0% 70%

    Dose-Response Correlation

    How effect frequency changes across dose levels

    View data table
    Effect Common (n=26) Strong (n=18) Heavy (n=12)
    Visual Distortions 80.8% 100.0% 91.7%
    Color Enhancement 80.8% 83.3% 50.0%
    Music Enhancement 50.0% 83.3% 75.0%
    Anxiety 50.0% 61.1% 66.7%
    Confusion 42.3% 66.7% 50.0%
    Stimulation 61.5% 55.6% 50.0%
    Auditory Effects 19.2% 61.1% 50.0%
    Tactile Enhancement 38.5% 55.6% 25.0%
    Euphoria 53.8% 44.4% 50.0%
    Empathy 42.3% 50.0% 50.0%
    Closed-Eye Visuals 46.2% 38.9% 25.0%
    Focus Enhancement 46.2% 33.3% 33.3%
    Muscle Tension 11.5% 44.4% 33.3%
    Introspection 42.3% 33.3% 25.0%
    Dissociation 23.1% 22.2% 41.7%

    Dose–Effect Mapping

    Experience Reports

    How reported effects shift across dose tiers, based on 112 experience reports.

    Oral dose range: 100.0–200.0 µg (median 100.0 µg)
    Effect Common (n=26) Strong (n=18) Heavy (n=12)
    visual distortions
    81%
    100%
    92%
    		→
    color enhancement
    81%
    83%
    50%
    		↓
    music enhancement
    50%
    83%
    75%
    		↑
    anxiety
    50%
    61%
    67%
    		↑
    confusion
    42%
    67%
    50%
    		↑
    stimulation
    62%
    56%
    50%
    		↓
    auditory effects
    19%
    61%
    50%
    		↑
    tactile enhancement
    38%
    56%
    25%
    		↓
    euphoria
    54%
    44%
    50%
    		→
    empathy
    42%
    50%
    50%
    		↑
    closed-eye visuals
    46%
    39%
    25%
    		↓
    focus enhancement
    46%
    33%
    33%
    		↓
    muscle tension
    12%
    44%
    33%
    		↑
    introspection
    42%
    33%
    25%
    		↓
    dissociation
    23%
    22%
    42%
    		↑
    body high
    12%
    28%
    42%
    		↑
    sedation
    23%
    39%
    25%
    		→
    nausea
    27%
    22%
    33%
    		↑
    thought loops
    12%
    33%
    		— ↑
    creativity enhancement
    15%
    11%
    25%
    		↑

    Showing top 20 of 30 effects

    Risk Escalation

    Sentiment Analysis

    Average frequency of positive vs adverse effects across dose tiers

    Common n=26
    10 positive 44.2% 10 adverse 20.0%
    Strong n=18
    10 positive 47.8% 10 adverse 31.1%
    Heavy n=12
    10 positive 42.5% 6 adverse 36.1%
    View effect breakdown

    Adverse Effects

    Effect Common (n=26) Strong (n=18) Heavy (n=12) Change
    Anxiety
    50%
    61%
    67%
    		+33%
    Confusion
    42%
    67%
    50%
    		+18%
    Muscle Tension
    12%
    44%
    33%
    		+189%
    Nausea
    27%
    22%
    33%
    		+23%
    Thought Loops
    12%
    33%
    		— +189%
    Memory Suppression
    12%
    22%
    17%
    		+45%
    Headache
    19%
    17%
    		— -13%
    Pupil Dilation
    8%
    11%
    17%
    		+116%
    Jaw Clenching —
    17%
    		— 0%
    Sweating —
    17%
    		— 0%
    Psychosis
    12%
    		— — 0%
    Motor Impairment
    8%
    		— — 0%

    Positive Effects

    Effect Common (n=26) Strong (n=18) Heavy (n=12) Change
    Color Enhancement
    81%
    83%
    50%
    		-38%
    Music Enhancement
    50%
    83%
    75%
    		+50%
    Stimulation
    62%
    56%
    50%
    		-18%
    Tactile Enhancement
    38%
    56%
    25%
    		-35%
    Euphoria
    54%
    44%
    50%
    		-7%
    Empathy
    42%
    50%
    50%
    		+18%
    Focus Enhancement
    46%
    33%
    33%
    		-27%
    Introspection
    42%
    33%
    25%
    		-40%
    Body High
    12%
    28%
    42%
    		+262%
    Creativity Enhancement
    15%
    11%
    25%
    		+62%

    Dosage Distribution

    Dose distribution from experience reports

    Sublingual

    Median: 100.0 µg IQR: 100.0–160.0 µg n=18

    Oral

    Median: 100.0 µg IQR: 100.0–200.0 µg n=42

    Real-World Dose Distribution

    62K Doses

    From 135 individual dose entries

    Sublingual (n=41)

    Median: 0.1mg 25th: 0.05mg 75th: 0.15mg 90th: 0.2mg
    mg/kg median: 0.002 mg/kg 75th: 0.002

    Oral (n=63)

    Median: 0.1mg 25th: 0.05mg 75th: 0.2mg 90th: 0.3mg
    mg/kg median: 0.002 mg/kg 75th: 0.003

    Common Combinations

    Most co-occurring substances in experience reports

    Form / Preparation

    Most common forms and preparations reported

    Body-Weight Dosing

    Dose relative to body weight from reports with weight data

    Sublingual

    Median: 0.002 mg/kg IQR: 0.001–0.002 mg/kg n=19

    Oral

    Median: 0.002 mg/kg IQR: 0.001–0.003 mg/kg n=40

    Unknown

    Median: 0.002 mg/kg IQR: 0.001–0.002 mg/kg n=9

    Redose Patterns

    Redosing behavior across 90 reports

    18.9% Redosed
    1.2 Avg Doses
    60m Median Interval
    Read full reports on Erowid →

    Legal Status

    Not scheduled under the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances
    Country Status Notes
    Australia Prohibited Classified as a controlled substance under national drug legislation.
    Austria Grey area Not explicitly scheduled but may fall under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz) as a structural analogue of LSD, making supply for human consumption potentially illegal.
    Canada Unscheduled Not specifically listed in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. However, sale or possession for human consumption could potentially be prosecuted under analogue provisions.
    Croatia Controlled Listed as a prohibited substance under national drug control legislation.
    Czech Republic Controlled Classified as a controlled substance since January 1, 2014.
    Denmark Illegal Explicitly named on the list of controlled substances as of August 25, 2015.
    Estonia Schedule I (ainete I) Controlled as a Schedule I substance since June 1, 2017.
    Finland Controlled Classified as a controlled substance since November 15, 2018.
    France Prohibited Listed as a controlled substance under national drug legislation.
    Germany NpSG controlled Regulated under the Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (New Psychoactive Substances Act) since July 18, 2019. Production, import for market distribution, administration to others, and trading are criminal offenses. Personal possession is prohibited but not subject to criminal penalty.
    Italy Tabella I (Schedule I) Classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under Italian drug legislation.
    Japan Controlled Listed as a controlled substance under national drug control laws.
    Latvia Illegal Controlled as a structural analogue of LSD following an amendment to drug scheduling that took effect June 1, 2015. Not explicitly named but covered under analogue provisions.
    Lithuania Illegal Explicitly named on the list of controlled substances since September 21, 2015.
    Norway Controlled Classified as a controlled substance since February 14, 2013.
    Romania Controlled Listed as a controlled substance under national drug legislation.
    Russia Illegal Prohibited since 2017 as a derivative of LSD under national drug control laws.
    Singapore Class A Classified as a Class A controlled substance, carrying severe penalties for possession, trafficking, and distribution.
    Sweden Illegal Specifically scheduled following its emergence as a designer drug. Prohibition took effect January 26, 2016.
    Switzerland Verzeichnis E Explicitly named under Verzeichnis E of controlled substances since December 2015.
    Turkey Illegal Prohibited under national drug control legislation since February 2016.
    United Kingdom Illegal (Psychoactive Substances Act) Production, supply, and import prohibited under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016, which came into effect May 26, 2016. This blanket legislation covers psychoactive substances not specifically exempted.
    United States Unscheduled (Analogue Act applies) Not explicitly scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act. However, as a prodrug of LSD, possession and sale intended for human consumption may be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act, which treats substantially similar compounds as Schedule I substances.

    Harm Reduction

    drugs.wiki

    1P‑LSD first appeared circa 2014–2015 and is widely believed to act as a prodrug for LSD: incubation in human serum yields LSD, and subjective time‑course is near‑identical to LSD for most users. Start low because potency equivalence to LSD varies across labs/batches and human data are mixed; community surveys tend to find similar duration and slightly weaker average strength than LSD, but animal HTR potency is lower and inter‑batch variability is large. Blotter dose labels are often imprecise; consider that actual content may deviate ±15–30%. Reagent testing: 1‑acyl lysergamides may show a delayed/weak Ehrlich reaction (pink to light purple over 15–30+ minutes); use a clean ceramic surface, pre‑wet the blotter with a drop of water, and prefer multi‑reagent or laboratory drug checking where available; note that adulteration with tryptamine has been used to fake Ehrlich‑positive results. Redosing the same day is typically inefficient due to rapid 5‑HT2A tolerance; spacing at least 2 weeks between sessions helps restore sensitivity. Avoid mixing with lithium or TCAs due to consistent reports of severe reactions and seizures; if you take prescription psychoactives, consult a clinician. Plan set/setting, have a trusted sober sitter for higher doses, and avoid unsafe environments; impairments can persist into the next day—do not drive or operate machinery until fully baseline. Store blotters airtight, light/heat/oxygen protected (foil, desiccant, cold), to limit degradation and inadvertent hydrolysis to LSD over time. People with a personal or family history of psychosis or bipolar disorder should avoid serotonergic psychedelics due to elevated risk of adverse psychiatric events.

    References

    Data Sources

    Cited References

    Additional references

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