Home
    Disclaimer

    Kratom Stats & Data

    Biak Thom Ketum Thang Madat
    Chemical Class Opioid
    Psychoactive Class Depressant / Stimulant

    Pharmacology

    DrugBank

    Description

    Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a medicinal plant species from Southeast Asia. It’s a member of the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Like coffee, kratom is a central nervous system stimulant used to increase energy and productivity. However, the effects of kratom are highly dose-dependent. In lower doses, it’s a stimulant but in higher doses, the effects flip-flop and become sedative instead. As a result, there are a few different reasons someone may want to use kratom. In smaller doses, it’s used much like coffee — as a stimulant and nootropic for use at work or university. In higher doses, kratom is used as an alternative to alcohol (not recommended) for its euphoric effects, to promote sleep, and as an alternative to opiate painkillers. Many of the active ingredients in kratom are powerful opiate agonists — which means they bind to the opioid receptors to block the transmission of pain signals from the body to the brain. This also triggers the release of the feel-good neurotransmitter, dopamine. People addicted to opiates use kratom to wean themselves off the drugs. The effects of kratom help alleviate withdrawal symptoms while undergoing detox for prescription or illicit opiates (more on this later). Kratom is not particularly dangerous, but there are risks to using it. While far less addictive compared to prescription painkillers, kratom is still an opiate. Over time, the body can become dependent on its effects and become addicted.

    Receptor Profile

    Receptor Actions

    Agonists
    μ-opioid receptor agonist (partial, G-protein-biased)
    Serotonin receptor agonist (5-HT2A, 5-HT2C)
    Norepinephrine receptor agonist
    Antagonists
    κ-opioid receptor antagonist
    δ-opioid receptor antagonist
    NMDA receptor antagonist (rhynchophylline)

    History & Culture

    Kratom is indigenous to Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where its leaves have been used in traditional herbal medicine since at least the nineteenth century. The plant has historically been consumed through chewing, smoking, and preparation as a tea. In Thailand, kratom served important social and ceremonial functions, being used as a snack to receive guests and as part of ritual worship of ancestors and gods. The substance was also valued for its practical applications; by 1836, it was reported to be used as an opium substitute in Malaysia, and similar use was documented in Thailand throughout the nineteenth century. Historically, its effects at low doses have been compared to those of coca, while higher doses have been likened to opium.

    1839–1859

    Mitragyna speciosa was first formally described by the Dutch colonial botanist Pieter Korthals in 1839, who initially named it Stephegyne speciosa. The plant underwent several reclassifications before George Darby Haviland established its current taxonomic name and classification in 1859.

    2010–present

    Beginning in the 2010s, a tea-based preparation known as "4×100" emerged as a popular recreational drink among young people across Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand. This cocktail combines kratom leaves with cough syrup, Coca-Cola, and ice. By around 2011, individuals who consumed this preparation were generally viewed more negatively than traditional kratom users, though not as stigmatized as users of substances like heroin. In Western contexts, kratom has gained attention as a self-treatment option for opioid withdrawal, with many individuals using it to ease the transition away from opioid dependence. It has also been occasionally cited as an aid for addressing acute alcohol dependency.

    Subjective Effect Notes

    physical: The physical effects of kratom can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.

    cognitive: The cognitive effects of kratom can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.

    sensory: The visual effects of kratom are unusually strong compared to other opioids of its class. They can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.

    Effect Profile

    Curated + 645 Reports
    Stimulant 8.2

    Strong euphoria and focus with moderate stimulation, mild anxiety/jitters

    Stimulation / Energy×3
    77.3
    Euphoria / Mood Lift×2
    107.2
    Focus / Productivity×2
    104.5
    Anxiety / Jitters×1
    57.2
    Catalog Erowid
    Opioid 7.7

    Strong euphoria, itching/nausea, pain relief, and sedation

    Euphoria / Warmth×3
    108.7
    Analgesia×2
    85.2
    Sedation / Relaxation×1
    85.2
    Itching / Nausea×1
    108.9
    Catalog Erowid

    Empirical Duration

    Erowid Reports
    Onset Come Up Peak Offset
    Oral (92 reports)

    Community Effects

    TripSit
    Positive
    euphoria stimulation energy sedation

    Tolerance & Pharmacokinetics

    drugs.wiki

    Tolerance Decay

    Full tolerance 3d Half tolerance 21d Baseline ~35d

    Cross-Tolerances

    Morphine
    80% ●○○
    Heroin
    80% ●○○
    Oxycodone
    80% ●○○
    Fentanyl
    80% ●○○
    Codeine
    80% ●○○
    Tramadol
    80% ●○○
    Methadone
    80% ●○○
    Hydrocodone
    80% ●○○

    Experience Report Analysis

    Erowid BlueLight
    559 Reports
    2000–2025 Date Range
    312 With Age Data
    32 Effects Detected

    Demographics

    Gender Distribution

    Age Distribution

    Reports Over Time

    Effect Analysis

    Erowid + Bluelight

    Effects aggregated from 609 experience reports (559 Erowid + 86 Bluelight)

    609 Reports
    111 Effects Detected
    50 Positive
    40 Adverse
    21 Neutral

    Effect Sentiment Distribution

    Confidence Distribution

    Positive Effects 50

    Euphoria 49.4% 91%
    Stimulation 42.9% 86%
    Sociability Enhancement 38.0% 85%
    Sedation 34.2% 84%
    Contentment 34.0% 82%
    Anxiety Suppression 32.0% 81%
    Empathy 28.7% 85%
    Focus Enhancement 22.1% 85%
    Music Enhancement 21.2% 85%
    Tactile Enhancement 19.7% 70%
    Pain Relief 15.5% 87%
    Body High 15.3% 87%
    Color Enhancement 12.1% 82%
    Tingling 12.0% 85%
    Drowsiness 12.0% 82%
    Thought Deceleration 10.0% 73%
    Thought Acceleration 8.0% 81%
    Heaviness 8.0% 84%
    Joy 8.0% 84%
    Introspection 6.6% 80%

    Adverse Effects 40

    Nausea 40.1% 88%
    Vomiting 22.0% 89%
    Dizziness 20.0% 86%
    Itching 18.0% 84%
    Body Load 16.0% 79%
    Headache 11.8% 82%
    Confusion 9.5% 80%
    Sweating 9.0% 86%
    Tremor 8.0% 81%
    Insomnia 8.0% 79%
    Focus Suppression 8.0% 75%
    Muscle Tension 7.0% 70%
    Dysphoria 6.0% 87%
    Thought Disorganization 6.0% 75%
    Irritability 6.0% 80%
    Increased Heart Rate 5.2% 70%
    Motor Impairment 5.1% 85%
    Pupil Dilation 4.4% 85%
    Orgasm Suppression 4.0% 80%
    Disinhibition 4.0% 85%

    Subjective Effect Ontology

    Experience Reports

    Structured effect tags extracted from 645 Erowid & Bluelight experience reports using a controlled vocabulary of 220+ canonical effects across 15 domains.

    Auditory

    music enhancement 129 21.3%

    Cognitive

    focus enhancement 135 21.8%

    Emotional

    euphoria 301 50.2% anxiety suppression 195 31.8% empathy 175 27.8%

    Gastrointestinal

    nausea 244 40.3%

    Motor

    stimulation 261 43.1% sedation 208 35.2%

    Tactile

    tactile enhancement 110 19.7%

    9 unique effects extracted · Derived from Erowid & Bluelight reports

    Dosage Distribution

    Dose distribution from experience reports

    Median: 5000.0 mg IQR: 3000.0–8000.0 mg n=263

    Real-World Dose Distribution

    62K Doses

    From 738 individual dose entries

    Oral (n=527)

    Median: 4000.0mg 25th: 2000.0mg 75th: 6000.0mg 90th: 10000.0mg
    mg/kg median: 55.115 mg/kg 75th: 93.223

    Smoked (n=5)

    Median: 330.0mg 25th: 300.0mg 75th: 500.0mg 90th: 1400.0mg
    mg/kg median: 4.828 mg/kg 75th: 7.602

    Common Combinations

    Most co-occurring substances in experience reports

    Form / Preparation

    Most common forms and preparations reported

    Body-Weight Dosing

    Dose relative to body weight from reports with weight data

    Median: 65.789 mg/kg IQR: 34.803–110.22 mg/kg n=259

    Redose Patterns

    Redosing behavior across 477 reports

    20.1% Redosed
    1.3 Avg Doses
    61m Median Interval

    Legal Status

    Country Status Notes
    United Kingdom Controlled (Psychoactive Substances Act 2016) Supply and import were prohibited prior to 2016. The Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 subsequently captured kratom under its blanket ban on psychoactive substances, making production, supply, and import illegal. Notably, this legislation was enacted despite kratom being used by some individuals as an aid for opioid withdrawal and alcohol dependency.
    ← Back to Kratom