Summary
In vitro release assays show EC50 values of approximately 41 nM for norepinephrine and 109 nM for dopamine with over 40-fold lower efficacy at SERT. Weak MAO-A inhibition appears at approximately 130 ฮผM, relevant only at very high doses. Oral threshold of 25-50 mg produces mild wakefulness while 75-200 mg common range yields pronounced alertness, pupil dilation, and appetite suppression. Intranasal use causes sharp burning; IV administration (โค40 mg) delivers rapid onset clean stimulation lasting approximately 2 hours but risks vasospasm. Systolic blood pressure rises of 20-30 mm Hg are typical.
Dose Information
| ROA | Light | Common | Strong | Heavy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral / Sublingual | 75-125mg | 125-200mg | 200-350mg | 350mg+ |
| Oral | 75-125mg | 125-200mg | 200-350mg | 350mg++ |
Light
Common
Strong
Heavy
Onset, Duration & After-effects
| ROA | Onset | Comeup | Peak | Offset | After Effects | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral / Sublingual | 15-30 min | 30-45 min | 1-2 hrs | 1-3 hrs | 1-4 hrs | 120-0 min |
| Insufflated | 5-10 min | 10-20 min | 1-2 hrs | 1-3 hrs | 1-4 hrs | 120-0 min |
| Intravenous | 1 min | 1-5 min | 1-2 hrs | 1-3 hrs | 1-4 hrs | 120-0 min |
| Oral | 10-45 min | - | 2.0-5.0 hrs | - | - | 120-0 min |
Tolerance
Build-up
develops over days to weeks of regular use
Reset
3โ7 days for acute; 1โ3 weeks for full reset
Effects
Positive
- Stimulation
- Increased energy/alertness
Negative
- Pupil dilation
- Increased heart rate
- Teeth grinding
- Muscle tension
- Weight loss
- Sweating
- Bruxism
- Decreased need for sleep
- Decreased appetite
- Disturbed sleep patterns
- Itchiness
Positive
- Wakefulness
- Focus enhancement
- Motivation enhancement
- Cognitive euphoria
- Euphoria
- Increased sociability
- Mood lift
Negative
- Anxiety
- Cognitive fatigue
- Aggressiveness
- Excessive talking
- Moodiness
Positive
- Tactile enhancement
- Color enhancement
- Increased music appreciation
Negative
- Appetite suppression
- Light sensitivity
- Disinhibition
- Increased sexuality
- Visual and auditory hallucinations
- Dulled perception
- Drifting