Diazepam
Aliases: Valium, Zetran, Diastat, Apaurin, Mother's little helper
Categories
Summary
Diazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine with a rapid onset, considered the standard by which other benzodiazepines are compared. Its long elimination half-life and active metabolites result in extended effects that can persist for days. Commonly used for anxiety, panic disorders, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasms, and seizures. Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal are significant risks with regular use. Abrupt discontinuation can be life-threatening; tapering is essential.
Dose Information
| ROA | Light | Common | Strong | Heavy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | 2.5-5mg | 5-15mg | 15-30mg | 30mg+ |
Light
Common
Strong
Heavy
Onset, Duration & After-effects
| ROA | Onset | Comeup | Peak | Offset | After Effects | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | 15-60 min | 30-60 min | 1-2 hrs | 2-6 hrs | 12-48 hrs | 720-0 min |
| Intravenous | 1-5 min | - | 15 min | 1-6 hrs | 12-48 hrs | 600-0 min |
Tolerance
Build-up
develops over 1โ4 weeks of daily use; hypnotic tolerance faster than anxiolytic tolerance
Reset
weeks to months depending on half-life and duration of use; taper recommended
Cross-tolerance
Effects
Positive
- Muscle relaxation
- Physical euphoria
- Seizure suppression
- Anxiolytic
- Muscle Relaxant
Negative
- Respiratory depression
- Blackout potential
- Motor skill impairment
- Sedation
- Sedative
Positive
- Anxiety suppression
- Euphoria
- Relaxation
Negative
- Amnesia
- Memory suppression
- Motor control loss
- Dizziness
- Compulsive redosing
- Emotion suppression
- Thought deceleration
- Delusions of sobriety
- Memory loss
- Depression
- Irritability
- Aggression
- Rage
- Drowsiness
- Analysis suppression
- Delusions
- Information processing suppression
- Personality changes
Positive
Negative
- Disinhibition
- Decreased Libido
- Acuity Suppression
- Visual acuity suppression
- Appetite suppression
- Acuity suppression
- Appetite fluctuation
- Dulled perception
- Hallucinations
- Perception of bodily heaviness