Summary
CRITICAL: Flupirtine was withdrawn from European markets in March 2018 due to severe hepatotoxicity concerns including liver failure. Use was restricted to maximum 2 weeks in 2013 but cases of serious liver injury persisted. Monitor liver function closely; discontinue immediately if symptoms of liver damage appear (jaundice, dark urine, severe abdominal pain). Contraindicated in patients with pre-existing liver disease, chronic alcoholism, or taking other hepatotoxic medications. Never approved in the United States.
Dose Information
Light
Common
Strong
Heavy
Onset, Duration & After-effects
| ROA | Onset | Comeup | Peak | Offset | After Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | 30-60 min | 30-60 min | 1-2 hrs | 4-6 hrs | 24 hrs |
Tolerance
Build-up
develops over 1–4 weeks of regular use
Reset
days to weeks depending on duration of use
Effects
Positive
- Pain Relief
- Muscle Relaxation
- Physical euphoria
- Pain relief
Negative
- Fatigue
- Motor impairment
- Respiratory depression
- Nausea
- Sedation
- Itchiness
Positive
- Reduced anxiety
- Anxiety suppression
- Cognitive euphoria
- Dream potentiation
- Focus enhancement
- Motivation enhancement
- Euphoria
Negative
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
Positive
- Increased music appreciation
Negative
- Appetite suppression
- Double vision
- Light sensitivity
- Disinhibition
- Acuity suppression
- Visual acuity suppression
- Dulled perception
- Internal hallucination
- Perception of bodily heaviness