Summary
Mitragynine is the primary active alkaloid in kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), accounting for 12-66% of total alkaloid content depending on strain origin. Unlike traditional opioids, mitragynine displays functional selectivity and does not activate the β-arrestin-2 pathway, which may contribute to reduced respiratory depression risk compared to morphine. However, pure extracts carry significantly greater overdose risk than plant material due to the natural nausea ceiling in leaf powder. Mitragynine inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 enzymes, presenting substantial drug interaction potential. The alkaloid is primarily hepatically metabolized to various metabolites including 7-hydroxymitragynine, which is more potent at μ-opioid receptors.
Dose Information
Light
Common
Strong
Heavy
Onset, Duration & After-effects
| ROA | Onset | Comeup | Peak | Offset | After Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral (Plant Material) | 15-45 min | 30-60 min | 1-2 hrs | 2-4 hrs | 24 hrs |
| Oral (Pure Mitragynine) | 15-45 min | 30-60 min | 1-2 hrs | 2-4 hrs | 24 hrs |
Tolerance
Build-up
develops within days of regular use; analgesic tolerance faster than respiratory depression tolerance
Reset
7–14 days for partial reset; full reset may take weeks — tolerance loss greatly increases overdose risk
Effects
Positive
- Stimulation
- Physical euphoria
- Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Muscle relaxation
Negative
- Nausea
- Increased perspiration
- Sedation
- Pupil constriction
- Itchiness
- Difficulty urinating
- Sleepiness
Positive
- Cognitive euphoria
- Anxiety suppression
- Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement
- Focus enhancement
- Motivation enhancement
- Dream potentiation
Negative
- Thought deceleration
- Constipation
- Dizziness
- Irritability
- Time distortion
- Thought acceleration
Positive
- Increased music appreciation
- Auditory enhancement
Negative
- Appetite suppression
- Decreased libido
- Orgasm suppression
- Visual disconnection
- Internal hallucination
- Drifting
- Auditory hallucinations
- Internal hallucinations