Summary
Hydromorphone is approximately 5-8 times more potent than morphine. It has low oral bioavailability and is most commonly administered intravenously in medical settings. Intranasal bioavailability is approximately 52-58%, while rectal bioavailability is lower at around 36% with high variability. Fatal overdose risk increases dramatically when combined with other CNS depressants. Unlike many opioids, hydromorphone is primarily metabolized by glucuronidation rather than cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Dose Information
| ROA | Light | Common | Strong | Heavy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral BA ~24% | 1-2mg | 2-4mg | 4-8mg | 8mg+ |
| Intravenous | 1-2mg | 2-4mg | 4-6mg | 6mg+ |
| Insufflated BA 52-58% | 1-2mg | 2-4mg | 4-8mg | 8mg+ |
Light
Common
Strong
Heavy
Onset, Duration & After-effects
| ROA | Onset | Comeup | Peak | Offset | After Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | 15-30 min | 1-2 hrs | 2-4 hrs | 30-60 min | 1-12 hrs |
| Intravenous | 1-5 min | 5-10 min | 30-60 min | 2-4 hrs | 1-12 hrs |
| Insufflated | 4-5 min | 10-20 min | 30-90 min | 1-2 hrs | 1-2 hrs |
| Rectal | 15-30 min | - | 1-2 hrs | 2-3 hrs | 12 hrs |
Tolerance
Build-up
develops within days of regular use; analgesic tolerance faster than respiratory depression tolerance
Reset
7โ14 days for partial reset; full reset may take weeks โ tolerance loss greatly increases overdose risk
Cross-tolerance
Effects
Positive
- Physical euphoria
- Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Analgesia
Negative
- Respiratory depression
- Nausea
- Skin flushing
- Dry Mouth
- Sedation
- Difficulty urinating
- Itchiness
- Pupil constriction
- Relaxant
Positive
- Cognitive euphoria
- Anxiety suppression
- Dream potentiation
- Euphoria
- Mood lift
- Cognitive Euphoria
- Anxiety Suppression
Negative
- Constipation
- Compulsive redosing
- Dizziness
Positive
- Visual geometry
- Increased music appreciation
Negative
- Appetite suppression
- Decreased Libido
- Appetite Suppression
- Spatial disorientation
- Dulled perception
- Internal hallucinations
- Internal hallucination
- Visual and auditory hallucinations